I developed a low-cost experimental system that combines mechanical design, applied mathematics, and custom data acquisition to measure the thermal conductivity of granular materials.
Thermal conductivity measurement devices are prohibitively expensive, leaving smaller labs, student teams, and field engineers without viable tools.
Sand and other granular media behave differently across sites, so generalizing literature values is challenging — accurate work requires in-situ measurement.
Traditional approaches are often slow and suffer from vulnerability to noise, lab conditions, and small errors in sensor placement or boundary conditions.